Development of Electronic Media in the Mauritius

Advancement of Electronic Media in the Mauritius Section 1 Presentation 1.0 Chapter Overview This initial section presents the investigation by looking at the foundation and chronicled point of view of the improvement of the Electronic media utilize worldwide and in Mauritius. The rise of the marvel of electronic media habit is presented, and afterward brought into center as it is influencing electronic media clients around the globe, including Mauritius. Next, the points and destinations of study and the exploration questions are distinguished. The part closes with the exploration questions and the extent of the examination. 1.1 Background of the investigation As indicated by Huesmann (2007) electronic media has become a typical style today, particularly among undergrads. One of the most exceptional changes in our general public in the twentieth century and 21st hundreds of years has been the immersion of our way of life and everyday lives by the electronic media. In this new age radio, TV, motion pictures, recordings games, video, mobile phones, and PC systems have took on head jobs in our children’s day by day lives. Electronic media improve the general information by giving us with data all around the globe. News transmit through various electronic media make it simpler for us think about the everyday occasions on the planet. News, teleã‚â ­films and narratives spinning around social issues improve a social observation in youngsters and increment their anxiety towards cultural condition. Electronic media likewise add to the improvement of our language, information and jargon. It is currently a general truth that T.V and diffe rent methods for electronic media is a solid wellspring of giving data as well as instruct and fulfill the majority. Jennifer (2008) and Azeez et al. (2014) have discovered that examination has demonstrated that TV has had either positive or negative effects. Electronic media can be depicted as those correspondence which depends on innovation or electromechanical methods for creation and frequently separated from print media Berkowitz and Rawlings (1963), Azeez et al (2014). The primary electronic sources utilized by open regularly include TV, radio, sound chronicles, video accounts and web. It tends to be discovered that there are four essential elements of electronic media which by and large incorporate to illuminate, fulfill, instruct and generally critical to impact popular feeling (understudies). They additionally expressed that the twentieth century is vigorously impacted by correspondence innovation. Movies showed up on scene in the main decade of this century. The radio station started in 1920s while TV entered on the planet in 1940s, trailed by digital TV in 1950s, and satellite TV in 1970s. In conclusion the PC offered access to web in 1980s. It changed the interconnected PC systems through World Wide Web by 1990s. Numerous advantages are associated with electronic media use, such access to required data, global access to news and occasions, and relational correspondence through email. Yet, alongside the exceptional development of the electronic media, there has been expanding concern universally about the threats related with electronic media over-use and getting dependent on it (Buchholz, 2009; Daily News, 2008, 2009; Fackler, 2008; Janta, 2008; Khaosod, 2007; The Associated Press, 2009; Wanajak, 2011). A potential danger of utilizing these new types of media innovation is likewise starting to show up. Dominant part understudies are getting excessively dependent on it and is affecting their scholastic execution, cyberbullying, sexting, getting forceful, turning out to be survivors of animosity, lacking rest and poor rest quality among understudies, and medical issue, for example, influencing by and large eating routine quality. Uniquely, expanding quantities of young people are turning out to be survivors of animosity submitted by peers with this new innovation as refered to in David-Ferdon and Hertz (2007). Models involve teenagers making Web locales or sending email or instant messages that are intended to embarrass or irritate a friend as well as to undermine physical mischief called cyberbullying. Cyberbullying can be characterized as harassing that happens utilizing electronic innovation which contains gadgets and things, for example, cell phones, PCs, and tablets just as correspondence instruments containing online life destinations, instant messages, visit, and sites. Instances of cyberbullying contain messages or mean instant messages, gossipy tidbits sent by email or posted on person to person communication locales, and mortifying pictures, cuts, web destinations, or faker records. Additionally, concurring Mr Ismael Bawamea a â€Å"enqueteur du bureau† at the Ombudsperson for Children Office in Mauritius, these wrongdoers for the most part use SMS, email , visit rooms and Facebook and informal communication destinations to spread their message. â€Å"Parents think they are watching their youngsters viably on the web, yet as per an ICSF study, which is done in Mauritius, it has been discovered that under 10% of guardians checked the websites,† says Mr Ismael Bawamea. â€Å"Without the fundamental measure to guarantee kid security on the web, youngsters in Mauritius face gigantic dangers†, he demonstrated (Defi News, 2011). Scientist has gathered over the past 50 years that introduction to brutality on TV, motion pictures, and, most as of late, in computer games develops the danger of degenerate conduct. As indicated by the specialists, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP); a most recent investigation exhibits that the normal 8-multi year old youngster goes through roughly eight hours daily utilizing various types of electronic advancements, and more seasoned kids and adolescents go through over 11 hours out of each day. Kids and young people who have a Television in their room invest more energy with electronic media. Relating, the current measure of clients for cell phones, text informing, email, and talk rooms by our young people have opened new settings for social communication in which hostility can occur and teenagers can be defrauded (Huesmann, 2007). Consequently, Mauritian understudies are likewise confronting a considerable lot of the exceptional issues because of electronic media. With the coming innovation, everybody have a PC and a Smartphone and with the regular day to day existence, the two guardians work these days and youthful need more an ideal opportunity to talk with their folks. After school, the youngsters go to their rooms, and begin surfing, staring at the TV for extended periods or in any event, tuning in to music through their mobiles, on their PCs, on radio. Also, they even eat in their rooms and continue sitting before their screen. Interestingly, they will like to converse with an outsider through internet based life instead of going out and talk with their companions. As per ongoing ICT pointers for Mauritius, an expediently expanding number of families and youngsters are utilizing the Internet; the quantity of Internet endorsers toward the finish of 2010 was 284,200 and the quantity of portable cell support ers was 1,190,900 out of 2010 (Defi News, 2011). Henceforward, as expressed in Alexa’s Statistics, Facebook can be viewed as the main site visited by Mauritian residents as appeared in the table underneath. For sure, there were 159,480 Mauritians on Facebook as at thirteenth January 2010 as revealed by the notice program accessible on the system. Person to person communication Site OR Social Networking Service (SNS) Positioning Facebook first YouTube fifth Labeled 24th Twitter 39th Badoo 42nd Hi5 51st Photobucket 54th Flickr 64th LinkedIn 68th MySpace 85th Table 1: Alexa’s Ranking of SNS visited by Mauritians in top 100 sites1 1.2 Problem articulations A transformation in broadcast communications has extraordinarily changed correspondence by giving new media so as to approach significant distance correspondence in the most recent years. The main transoceanic two-way radio station occurred in 1906 and drove the best approach to common transmission by means of simple and computerized media. The new correspondence media presently grant for significant distance trades between higher quantities of populaces. Electronic media is valuing a wide utilize each day with an ascent in innovation gadgets being made. Innovation has become a period squandering act that diverts youth from discussing by and by with mates and family through up close and personal correspondence. Electronic media presently comes in the structures PCs, tablets, work areas, cell phones (containing new applications, for example, WhatsApp, Viber, Facebook Messenger, WeChat and some more), mp3/mp4 players, computer games, motion pictures, radios, and TV. Electronic has show n to record highs inside the last period, along these lines changing the dynamic of correspondence. Electronic media, as it is known in various globe, has modified with time. Young people and innovation seem to have a decent relationship for one another. Both are youthful, continuing quickly, and ever modifying. During the most recent 20 years there has been an abrupt increment in new innovation (David-Ferdon and Hertz, 2011). In the more established ages adolescents promptly acknowledged new advancements for instance TVs, record and tape players, PCs, and VCRs, yet the new ages have watched a virtual fast increment in new innovation, including cell phones, iPads, iPods, Mp3/mp4 players, and individual computerized partners. This new innovation has been excitedly acknowledged by youths and has caused to an extended jargon, which contain texting (â€Å"IMing†), blogging, and text informing. Present day innovation has numerous social and instructive advantages. In an article (Anon 2010) was expressed that with the rise of web as the worldwide media, training has advanced to an enormous degree. These days it is discovered that separation training programs are helped out through online media which has end up being a significant bit of leeway to individuals who rarely get the opportunity to have intelligent classes. There are numerous TV programs that confer information on various features of training comprisin

Secondary Writing Paper With Picture

Secondary Writing Paper With PictureIf you want to write a paper that can be graded, it is important that you use the primary writing paper with a picture. If your primary writing paper does not contain any picture or illustration, it will make it easier for the professor to grade you. In this way, you are able to get a good grade that will help you in your future studies and careers.Many high school students often use the photo essay to their advantage. Since they do not have any pictures in this form of written paper, the professor will not be able to read your papers. Your only objective is to have the best writing paper that you can to give your teacher the best grade.While writing the essay, use pictures in the writing paper. For example, you can include pictures of popular events in your life and include them with your essay. This will give the professor the impression that you have more information because of the pictures.It is a good idea to use two images. For example, you c an use the first image to explain how you came to your knowledge about the subject and then use the second image to describe your experiences. This way, the professor will notice the pictures that you are using instead of the fact that you just wrote a paragraph.The best thing to do when you want to use pictures in your essay is to print two pictures. You should also use a slide show when you are writing the essay. Having a slide show is the best way to include a picture. You can even make a music video of yourself during your journey on a hike.It is also important that you include pictures in your secondary writing paper with a picture. If you do not have any pictures, you can borrow from another student who has photos. The pictures should not be too far away from the reader's eye.Besides the pictures in your secondary writing paper with the picture, you can also include some text. You should explain your experiences and then include some statements that the professor can use in hi s/her lesson. This way, the professor will be able to look at the picture and the words that you wrote and be able to read your essay. You should also write some sentences that are short and clear so that the professor will be able to see the ideas that you have presented.The last part of your secondary writing paper with picture should be your conclusion. This part of the essay is where you can give the professor the best idea of your overall thesis. This part is very important, so do not skip this part because it will make it easier for the professor to grade you.

Constitutional and Administrative Law (question in instructions box) Essay

Protected and Administrative Law (question in directions box) - Essay Example In any case, practically speaking a large portion of the UK’s organizations in the ongoing past have ordinarily started parliamentary discussion as a method for legitimizing military arrangements abroad regardless of whether parliament is inadequate with regards to communicate war powers. In 2006, British Prime Minister Tony Blair in rethinking his administration started parliamentary endorsement for the 2003 arrangement of troops in Iraq perceived that he was unable to mull over a condition in which an official could without any help announce war, except if they are managing circumstances where the utilization of military would be critically expected to reestablish or safeguard the security of the state1. In such circumstances, gathering parliamentary sittings, discussion and endorsement of military organizations would be remiss, henceforth the need to evade parliament. In any case, holding a parliamentary discussion on pre-arrangement of military powers, the timetable and any possible goals are not legitimately convincing to the official and the Prime Minister to act in a certain way2. The decision on the 2003 military organizations in Iraq denoted a noteworthy part throughout the entire existence of practicing war powers. The Tony Blair government gave a greater amount of its war forces to Parliament by connecting with the people’s agents to endorse of its military agendas3. The need to include parliament in war revelations has been fortified by ensuing doubts about whether the Prime Minister, as the individual accused of micromanaging the country’s security contraption had made the privilege decision(s), considering the essential exchange off between national security and the conceivably significant expenses that abroad arrangements typically pull in. A parliamentary endorsement of military arrangements would pad the official from â€Å"extreme† parliamentary oversight that would follow such organizations, especially when the military activities surpass the pre-arranged financial plans limits4. The present Coalition government has looked for parliamentary

Essay Topics For First Graders - Choose Your Essay Topic

Essay Topics For First Graders - Choose Your Essay TopicGood writing skills can be a challenge for first graders and 6th graders. It is very important that you give them the best resource in the form of a great essay topic. You can do this by choosing a great topic and learning how to write an essay.First of all, you need to make sure that you have done your homework on your essay topic. This means that you have read a good book about topics like these so that you are well informed. What I mean by this is that you need to know what is the topic of your essay. That is the first step.The next step is to find a great essay topic for your children's work. You need to search out for themes that they can use in their essay. So you will need to identify some topics that they can use.Do you know what these topics are? It is topics like - First Things First, Facts and Information, Reading and Learning, Find Out More Interesting Facts, Feelings and Emotions, Other People, Action and Things, Ti me and Space, Behaviors and the Way We Live and Think, etc. These are topics that you can use in your essay.The only problem with these topics is that most first graders don't have these skills yet. What you need to do is to make sure that you follow up on the topic that you chose. As a parent, you have to make sure that you are doing the best job you can to make sure that your child is ready to use these skills when it comes to writing a great essay.The last step to writing good essays for your children is to make sure that you are incorporating the writing skills that you are learning from these essay topics. When you write a short essay for your kids, you want to make sure that you use those techniques that you have learned from the topics that you have chosen.Doing this is important because you want to ensure that you are going to help your child get the skill that he needs to make sure that he writes a great essay topic. This is why you need to practice by making sure that you are using the skills that you are learning from these essay topics.

Pacific Island Hopping in World War II

In mid-1943, the Allied command in the Pacific began Operation Cartwheel, which was designed to isolate the Japanese base at Rabaul on New Britain. The key elements of Cartwheel involved Allied forces under General Douglas MacArthur pushing across northeastern New Guinea, while naval forces secured the Solomon Islands to the east. Rather than engage sizable Japanese garrisons, these operations were designed to cut them off and let them wither on the vine. This approach of bypassing Japanese strong points, such as Truk, was applied on a large scale as the Allies devised their strategy for moving across the central Pacific. Known as island hopping, U.S. forces moved from island to island, using each as a base for capturing the next. As the island-hopping campaign began, MacArthur continued his push in New Guinea while other Allied troops were engaged in clearing the Japanese from the Aleutians. Battle of Tarawa The initial move of the island-hopping campaign came in the Gilbert Islands when U.S. forces struck Tarawa Atoll. The capture of the island was necessary as it would allow the Allies to move on to the Marshall Islands and then the Marianas. Understanding its importance, Admiral Keiji Shibazaki, Tarawas commander, and his 4,800-men garrison heavily fortified the island. On November 20, 1943, Allied warships opened fire on Tarawa, and carrier aircraft began striking targets across the atoll. Around 9:00 a.m., the 2nd Marine Division began coming ashore. Their landings were hampered by a reef 500 yards offshore that prevented many landing craft from reaching the beach. After overcoming these difficulties, the Marines were able to push inland, though the advance was slow. Around noon, the Marines were finally able to penetrate the first line of Japanese defenses with the assistance of several tanks that had come ashore. Over the next three days, US forces succeeded in taking the island after brutal fighting and fanatical resistance from the Japanese. In the battle, U.S. forces lost 1,001 killed and 2,296 wounded. Of the Japanese garrison, only seventeen Japanese soldiers remained alive at the end of the fighting along with 129 Korean laborers. Kwajalein Eniwetok Using the lessons learned at Tarawa, U.S. forces advanced into the Marshall Islands. The first target in the chain was Kwajalein. Beginning on January 31, 1944, the islands of the atoll were pummeled by naval and aerial bombardments. Additionally, efforts were made to secure adjacent small islands for use as artillery firebases to support the main Allied effort. These were followed by landings carried out by the 4th Marine Division and the 7th Infantry Division. These attacks easily overran the Japanese defenses, and the atoll was secured by February 3. As at Tarawa, the Japanese garrison fought to nearly the last man, with only 105 of nearly 8,000 defenders surviving. As US amphibious forces sailed northwest to attack Eniwetok, the American aircraft carriers were moving to strike the Japanese anchorage at Truk Atoll. A principal Japanese base, US planes struck the airfields and ships at Truk on February 17 and 18, sinking three light cruisers, six destroyers, over twenty-five merchantmen, and destroying 270 aircraft. As Truk was burning, Allied troops began landing at Eniwetok. Focusing on three of the atolls islands, the effort saw the Japanese mount a tenacious resistance and utilize a variety of concealed positions. Despite this, the islands of the atoll were captured on February 23 after a brief but sharp battle. With the Gilberts and Marshalls secure, U.S. commanders began planning for the invasion of the Marianas. Saipan the Battle of the Philippine Sea Comprised primarily of the islands of Saipan, Guam, and Tinian, the Marianas were coveted  by the Allies as airfields that would place the home islands of Japan within range of bombers such as the B-29 Superfortress. At 7:00 a.m. on June 15, 1944, U.S. forces led by Marine Lieutenant General Holland Smiths V Amphibious Corps began landing on Saipan after a heavy naval bombardment. The naval component of the invasion force was overseen by Vice Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner. To cover Turner and Smiths forces, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief of the US Pacific Fleet, dispatched Admiral Raymond Spruances 5th US Fleet along with the carriers of Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Task Force 58. Fighting their way ashore, Smiths men met determined resistance from 31,000 defenders commanded by Lieutenant General Yoshitsugu Saito. Understanding the importance of the islands, Admiral Soemu Toyoda, commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, dispatched Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa to the area with five carriers to engage the U.S. fleet. The result of Ozawas arrival was the Battle of the Philippine Sea, which pitted his fleet against seven American carriers led by Spruance and Mitscher. Fought June 19 and 20, American aircraft sank the carrier Hiyo, while the submarines USS Albacore and USS Cavalla sank the carriers Taiho and Shokaku. In the air, American aircraft downed over 600 Japanese aircraft while only losing 123 of their own. The aerial battle proved so one-sided that US pilots referred to it as The Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. With only two carriers and 35 aircraft remaining, Ozawa retreated west, leaving the Americans in firm control of the skies and waters around the Marianas. On Saipan, the Japanese fought tenaciously and slowly retreated into the islands mountains and caves. U.S. troops gradually forced the Japanese out by employing a mix of flamethrowers and explosives. As the Americans advanced, the islands civilians, who had been convinced that the Allies were barbarians, began a mass suicide, jumping from the islands cliffs. Lacking supplies, Saito organized a final banzai attack for July 7. Beginning at dawn, it lasted over fifteen hours and overran two American battalions before it was contained and defeated. Two days later, Saipan was declared secure. The battle was the costliest to date for American forces with 14,111 casualties. Almost the entire Japanese garrison of 31,000 was killed, including Saito, who took his own life.   Guam Tinian With Saipan taken, U.S. forces moved down the chain, coming ashore on Guam on July 21. Landing with 36,000 men, the 3rd Marine Division and 77th Infantry Division drove the 18,500 Japanese defenders north until the island was secured on August 8. As on Saipan, the Japanese largely fought to the death, and only 485 prisoners were taken. As the fighting was occurring on Guam, American troops landed on Tinian. Coming ashore on July 24, the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions took the island after six days of combat. Though the island was declared secure, several hundred Japanese held out in the Tinians jungles for months. With the Marianas taken, construction began on massive airbases from which raids against Japan would be launched. Competing Strategies   Peleliu With the Marianas secured, competing strategies for moving forward arose from the two principal U.S. leaders in the Pacific.  Admiral Chester Nimitz  advocated bypassing the Philippines in favor of capturing Formosa and Okinawa. These would then be used as bases for attacking the Japanese home islands. This plan was countered by General Douglas MacArthur, who wished to fulfill his promise to return to the Philippines as well as land on Okinawa. After a lengthy debate involving President Roosevelt, MacArthurs plan was chosen. The first step in liberating the Philippines was the capture of Peleliu in the Palau Islands. Planning for invading the island had already begun as its capture was required in both Nimitz and MacArthurs plans. On September 15, the 1st Marine Division stormed ashore. They were later reinforced by the 81st Infantry Division, which had captured the nearby island of Anguar. While planners had originally thought that the operation would take several days, it ultimately took over two months to secure the island as its 11,000 defenders retreated into the jungle and mountains. Utilizing a system of interconnected bunkers, strong points, and caves,  Colonel Kunio Nakagawas garrison exacted a heavy toll on the attackers, and the Allied effort soon became a bloody grinding affair. On November 27, 1944, after weeks of brutal fighting that killed 2,336 Americans and 10,695 Japanese, Peleliu was declared secure. Battle of Leyte Gulf After extensive planning, Allied forces arrived off the island of Leyte in the eastern Philippines on October 20, 1944. That day, Lieutenant General Walter Kruegers U.S. Sixth Army began moving ashore. To counter the landings, the Japanese threw their remaining naval strength against the Allied fleet. To accomplish their goal, Toyoda dispatched Ozawa with four carriers (Northern Force) to lure  Admiral William Bull Halseys U.S. Third Fleet away from the landings on Leyte. This would allow three separate forces (Center Force and two units comprising Southern Force) to approach from the west to attack and destroy the U.S. landings at Leyte. The Japanese would be opposed by Halseys Third Fleet and  Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaids Seventh Fleet. The battle that ensued, known as the Battle of Leyte Gulf, was the largest naval battle in history and consisted of four primary engagements. In the first engagement on October 23-24, the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, Vice Admiral Takeo Kuritas Center Force was attacked by American submarines and aircraft losing a battleship,  Ã‚  Musashi, and two cruisers along with several others damaged. Kurita retreated out of range of U.S.  aircraft but returned to his original course that evening. In the battle, the escort carrier  USS  Princeton  (CVL-23) was sunk by land-based bombers. On the night of the 24th, part of the Southern Force led by Vice Admiral Shoji Nishimura entered the Surigao Straight where they were attacked by 28 Allied destroyers and 39 PT boats. These light forces attacked relentlessly and inflicted torpedo hits on two Japanese battleships and sank four destroyers. As the Japanese pushed north through the straight, they encountered the six battleships (many of the  Pearl Harbor  veterans) and eight cruisers of the 7th Fleet Support Force led by  Rear Admiral Jesse Oldendorf. Crossing the Japanese T, Oldendorfs ships opened fired at 3:16 AM and immediately began scoring hits on the enemy. Utilizing radar fire control systems, Oldendorfs line inflicted heavy damage on the Japanese and sank two battleships and a heavy cruiser. The accurate American gunfire then forced the remainder of Nishimuras squadron to withdraw. At 4:40 PM on the 24th, Halseys scouts located Ozawas Northern Force. Believing that Kurita was retreating, Halsey signaled Admiral Kinkaid that he was moving north to pursue the Japanese carriers. By doing so, Halsey was leaving the landings unprotected. Kinkaid was not aware of this as he believed Halsey had left one carrier group to cover the San Bernardino Straight. On the 25th, U.S. aircraft began pummeling Ozawas force in the Battle of Cape Engaà ±o. While Ozawa did launch a strike of around 75 aircraft against Halsey, this force was largely destroyed and inflicted no damage. By the end of the day, all four of Ozawas carriers had been sunk. As the battle was concluding, Halsey was informed that the situation off Leyte was critical.  Soemus  plan had worked. By Ozawa drawing away Halseys carriers, the path through the San Bernardino Strait was left open for Kuritas Center Force to pass through to attack the landings. Breaking off his attacks, Halsey began steaming south at full speed. Off Samar (just north of Leyte), Kuritas force encountered the 7th Fleets escort carriers and destroyers. Launching their planes, the escort carriers began to flee, while the destroyers valiantly attacked Kuritas much superior force. As the melee was turning in favor of the Japanese, Kurita broke off after realizing that he was not attacking Halseys carriers and that the longer he lingered, the more likely he was to be attacked by American aircraft. Kuritas retreat effectively ended the battle. The Battle of Leyte Gulf marked the last time the Imperial Japanese Navy would conduct large-scale operations during the war. Return to the Philippines With the Japanese defeated at sea, MacArthurs forces pushed east across Leyte, supported by the Fifth Air Force. Fighting through rough terrain and wet weather, they then moved north onto the neighboring island of Samar. On December 15, Allied troops landed on Mindoro and met little resistance. After consolidating their position on Mindoro, the island was used as a staging area for the invasion of Luzon. This took place on January 9, 1945, when Allied forces landed at Lingayen Gulf on the islands northwest coast. Within a few days, over 175,000 men came ashore, and soon MacArthur was advancing on Manila. Moving quickly, Clark Field, Bataan, and Corregidor were retaken, and pincers closed around Manila. After heavy fighting, the capital was liberated on March 3. On April 17, the Eighth Army landed on Mindanao, the second largest island in the Philippines. Fighting would continue on Luzon and Mindanao until the end of the war. Battle of Iwo Jima Located on the route from the Marianas to Japan, Iwo Jima provided the Japanese with airfields and an early warning station for detecting American bombing raids. Considered one of the home islands, Lt. General Tadamichi Kuribayashi prepared his defenses in-depth, constructing a vast array of interlocking fortified positions connected by a large network of underground tunnels. For the Allies, Iwo Jima was desirable as an intermediate airbase, as well as a staging area for the invasion of Japan. At 2:00 a.m. on February 19, 1945, U.S. ships opened fire on the island, and aerial attacks began. Due to the nature of the Japanese defenses, these attacks proved largely ineffective. The next morning, at 8:59 a.m., the first landings began as the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions came ashore. Early resistance was light as Kuribayashi wished to hold his fire until the beaches were full of men and equipment. Over the next several days, American forces advanced slowly, often under heavy  machine-gun  and artillery fire, and captured Mount Suribachi. Able to shift troops through the tunnel network, the Japanese frequently appeared in areas that the Americans believed to be secure. Fighting on Iwo Jima proved extremely brutal as American troops gradually pushed the Japanese back. Following a final Japanese assault on March 25 and 26, the island was secured. In the battle, 6,821 Americans and 20,703 (out of 21,000) Japanese died.   Okinawa The final island to be taken before the proposed invasion of Japan was Okinawa. U.S. troops began landing on April 1, 1945, and initially met light resistance as Tenth Army swept across the south-central parts of the island, capturing two airfields. This early success led Lt. General Simon B. Buckner, Jr. to order the 6th Marine Division to clear the northern part of the island. This was accomplished after heavy fighting around Yae-Take. While land forces were fighting ashore, the US fleet, supported by the British Pacific Fleet, defeated the last Japanese threat at sea. Named  Operation Ten-Go, the Japanese plan called for the super battleship  Yamato  and the light cruiser  Yahagi  to steam south on a suicide mission. The ships were to attack the U.S. fleet and then beach themselves near Okinawa and continue the fight as shore batteries. On April 7, the ships were sighted by American scouts, and  Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitscher  launched over 400 aircraft to intercept them. As the Japanese ships lacked air cover, the American aircraft attacked at will, sinking both. While the Japanese naval threat was removed, an aerial one remained: kamikazes. These suicide planes relentlessly attacked the Allied fleet around Okinawa, sinking numerous ships and inflicting heavy casualties. Ashore, the Allied advance was slowed by rough terrain, and stiff resistance from the Japanese fortified at the southern end of the island. Fighting raged through April and May as two Japanese counteroffensives were defeated, and it was not until June 21 that resistance ended. The largest land battle of the Pacific war, Okinawa cost the Americans 12,513 killed, while the Japanese saw 66,000 soldiers die. Ending the War With Okinawa secured and American bombers regularly bombing and firebombing Japanese cities, planning moved forward for the invasion of Japan. Codenamed Operation Downfall, the plan called for the invasion of southern Kyushu (Operation Olympic) followed by seizing the Kanto Plain near Tokyo (Operation Coronet). Due to the geography of Japan, the Japanese high command had ascertained Allied intentions and planned their defenses accordingly. As planning moved forward, casualty estimates of 1.7 to 4 million for the invasion were presented to Secretary of War Henry Stimson. With this in mind, President Harry S. Truman authorized the use of the  new atom bomb  to bring a swift end to the war. Flying from Tinian, the B-29  Enola Gay  dropped the  first atom bomb  on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, destroying the city. A second B-29,  Bockscar, dropped a second on Nagasaki three days later. On August 8, following the Hiroshima bombing, the Soviet Union renounced its nonaggression pact with Japan and attacked into Manchuria. Facing these new threats, Japan unconditionally surrendered on August 15. On September 2, aboard the battleship  USS  Missouri  in Tokyo Bay, the Japanese delegation formally signed the instrument of surrender ending World War II.

Diversity And Social Justice By Paulo Freire - 2078 Words

Diversity and Social Justice â€Å"Education is that terrain where power and politics are given fundamental expression, since it is where meaning, desire, language. and values engage and respond to the deeper beliefs about every nature of what it means to be human, to dream, and to name and struggle for a particular future and way of life† (Freire, 1985). Education gives people the opportunity to take part in a reflective process and find solutions to existing societal problems. Over the course program, I have developed a deeper understanding of adult education and literacy specifically among the underserved population. My perceptions of adult literacy have changed from merely engaging learners with the text to a deeper understanding of what it means to be a literate adult. Why a focus on adult literacy and education? According to Paulo Freire, â€Å"no one elects to be illiterate. One is illiterate because of objective conditions. In certain circumstances, the illiterate man is the man who does not need to read. In other circumstances, he is the one to whom the right to read was denied† (Freire, 1985 p.13). According to Freire’s argument, it is suffice to say that as an individual or leaner perhaps, being literate is not an individual s choice. As an adult educator aspiring to work with underserved populations among them the Turkana community in northern Kenya, understanding the root causes of illiteracy and overall low rates of enrolments in adult education programs is crucialShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : Becoming A Teacher1539 Words   |  7 PagesBecoming a teacher was not something that I thought of doing. It so happen that after receiving my degree in Criminal Justice, I had a change of career choice when my daughter entered Pre-K. 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Psychology 300 Final Exam free essay sample

The aim of biopsychology (also referred to as behavioral neuroscience) is to: A) Link soma and somette in order to understand how emotions manifest themselves behaviorally B) Investigate the physical basis of psychological phenomena such as motivation, emotion, and stress C) Understand the complex interactions of the nervous system D) Study how thoughts and feelings influence an individual’s biological reactions 3. The first laboratory in Psychology was founded in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879 by: A) Sigmund Freud B) Wilhelm Wundt C) William James D) Rene Descartes 4. The approach to psychology which involved devising a method for uncovering the basic elements of consciousness and the way they combine with each other into ideas was known as A) Structuralism B) Behaviorialism Final Exam 2 PSY/300 C) Functionalism D) Elementarism 5. Which field of psychology argues that ones perception of the pieces will be influenced when seeing them as parts of the whole? A) Evolutionary B) Perceptual C) Empirical D) Gestalt 6. A hypothesis is best characterized as: A) A procedure that precedes a theoretical framework B) Any phenomenon that can change from one situation to another C) A systematic way of organizing and explaining observations D) A tentative belief about the relationship between two or more variables 7. To ensure that I am a good researcher, I gave the same questionnaire to the same participants at three different points in time. I hope to get ssentially the same answers. If I do, then I can conclude that my experiment has: A) Internal validity B) External validity C) Inter-rater reliability D) test-retest reliability 8. When it comes to the ethics of animal research, which one of the following is NOT an issue? A) Some animals are cuter than others B) Whether animals have rights Final Exam 3 PSY/300 C) To what extent humans can use other creatures to solve human problems D) That animals cannot give informed consent 9. Information is sent to the brain via the sensory or _____ neurons. A) Afferent B) Motor C) Transient D) Inter 10. Axons are responsible for A) Receiving information from other cells B) Transmitting information to other neurons C) Increasing the transmission speed of messages D) Determining how that particular neuron will manipulate input 11. There are two types of neurotransmitters. They are: A) Inhibitory and synaptic B) Modulating and excitatory C) Inhibitory and excitatory D) Modulating and synaptic 12. The part of the cerebral cortex that is involved in the sense of touch and feeling one’s own body in space is the: A) Parietal lobe B) Occipital lobe C) Temporal lobe D) Frontal lobe Final Exam 4 PSY/300 13. Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of sensation and perception? A) Sensation and perception require strong enough impulses to surpass minimal thresholds B) Sensation and perception are active processes C) There is no one-to-one correspondence between physical and psychological reality D) Sensation and perception are adaptive 4. What kind of learning can be achieved through classical conditioning? A) Learning that an event occurred B) Learning that people have certain patterns of behavior C) Learning that two events are related D) Learning that a behavior produces a particular result 15. As you drive down the street, a leaf hits your windshield. You know that it is not going to break the windshield and yet you blink anyway. In classical conditioning, blinking t o an object that is about to hit you in the face is a/an: A) CS B) CR C) UCS D) UCR 16. You recently noticed that eating sour candy causes extra salivation as your body reacts to the sour taste. You love sour candy and eat it often. The other day you purchased a new bag of sour candy and as you were looking at the bag, you noticed that you were salivating. The sour candy is a: A) CS B) CR C) UCS Final Exam 5 PSY/300 D) UCR 17. The purpose of Watsons experiment involving little Albert was to determine if: A) Infants are innately capable of learning fear B) Phobias do exist C) Babies are just as susceptible as adults to fears D) Emotional responses can be learned 8. An important distinction between operant and classical conditioning is that: A) Classical conditioning can be used to extinguish an undesirable response while operant conditioning tends to be incapable of doing so B) In classical conditioning responses are elicited while in operant conditioning they are emitted C) Classical conditioning works best with mammals and operant conditioning works best with birds and rodents D) Classical conditioning requires an experimenter and operant conditioning does not 9. The theory of motivation that states that people are motivated by wishes and fears is A) The cognitive approach B) The psychodynamic approach C) The biological approach D) None of the above 20. ERG theory condenses Maslows hierarchy of needs into three distinct levels: A) Elementary, reproductive and goal realization B) Elementary, relatedness, and growth C) Existence, relatedness, and growth D) Existence, reproductive, and goal realization Final Exam 6 PSY/300 21. The part of the brain that is responsible for registering the emotional significance of objects is the A) Hypothalamus B) Limbic system C) Cortex D) Amygdala 22. Which one of the following describes a person who is fixated in the latent stage? A) person with problems committing to a relationship B) Person who is uninterested in sex C) A smoker D) Person over 40 who has never moved out of their parents home 23. Which of the following refers to setting goals, evaluating performance, and adjusting behavior to achieve these goals in the context of ongoing feedback? A) goal-establishment B) outcome-management C) potential-realization D) Self-regulation 24. Which of the following factors in the Five Factor Model is believed to be the least heritable? A) Agreeableness B) Neuroticism C) Extraversion D) Openness Final Exam 7 PSY/300 25. The very last developmental crisis adult’s face, according to Erikson at least, is: A) Intimacy versus isolation B) Integrity versus despair C) Generativity versus stagnation D) Acceptance versus despondence 26. Piaget argued all of the following EXCEPT: A) Children’s thought processes are creative but constrained by physical realities and brain development B) Children experience the same stages in the same order C) Children are motivated to make sense of what they experience, integrating what they know D) Cognitive efficiency is influenced by children’s knowledge base 27. According to the psychodynamic viewpoint on moral development, children initially are relatively: A) Evil B) Narcissistic C) good D) Saintly 8. When determining a diagnosis for treating mental disorders, the different axes refer to: A) The symptoms, personality disturbances, medical conditions, and environmental stressors B) The severity of the disorder and the extent to which it will interfere with daily life C) The domain of life which will be most disrupted by the disorder, such as work, school, or relationships D) The types of emotional, physical, or social disruption that can be expected from a particula r disorder Final Exam 8 PSY/300 29. Which of the following is an umbrella term for a number of psychotic disorders that involve disturbances in nearly every dimension of human physiology, including thought, perception, behavior, language, communication, and emotion? A) Schizophrenia B) Personality disorder C) Mood disorder D) Dissociative disorder 30. Which personality disorder is marked by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic mood swings, an unstable sense of identity, intense fears of separation and abandonment, manipulativeness, and impulsive behavior? A) Narcissistic B) Antisocial C) Borderline D) Histrionic 31. Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that A) Relaxation training can aid people with schizophrenia B) Physical contact with other people is essential for contact comfort C) Through early experiences people learn to fear social interactions D) Through classical conditioning people have associated fear with previously neutral stimuli 32. Antipsychotic medications reduce symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations by _____ activity within the brain. A) Increasing epinephrine B) Inhibiting serotonin C) Inhibiting dopamine Final Exam 9 PSY/300 D) Increasing glutamate 33. The goal of antidepressant medications such as SSRIs is to: A) Keep serotonin acting longer in the synapses of the brain? B) Keep people from making irrational associations between ideas C) Reduce body weight and make people feel better about them D) Reduce anxiety that leads to depression 34. Characteristics that are attributed to people based on their membership in a specific group, and that are often over-generalized, inaccurate, and resistant to new information are called: A) Prejudices B) Biases C) Stereotypes D) Discrimination 5. Cognitive bias in social cognition is thought to be the result of: A) Heuristics that can lead people awry B) Schemas and attributions being influenced by wishes, needs, and desires C) People frequently lacking the time to make accurate attributions D) all of the above 36. The relationship between personality and self-schemas can be seen in a number of ways. Which one of the following is NOT true of that relationship? A) People who feel disappointment, dissatisfaction, shame, and embarrassment have a discrepancy between actual and ideal selves B) People who feel anxiety, fear, resentment, guilt, self-contempt, or uneasiness have a discrepancy between actual and ought selves C) People who experience feelings of failure, social rejection, isolation, and a lack of Final Exam 10 PSY/300 accomplishment have a discrepancy between ideal and ought selves D) All of the above are true of the relationship between personality and self-schemas 37. Companionate love involves: A) Wild emotions, intense physiological arousal, and absorption in another person B) Deep affection, friendship, and emotional intimacy C) Acquaintance cordiality, friendship, and societal responsibility D) Selflessness, altruism, and reciprocal giving 38. Behaving in a way that helps another person with no apparent gain, or with potential cost, to oneself is known as: A) Selfless gratification B) Ego protection C) Ethical hedonism D) Altruism 39. Which of the following is a drawback of antianxiety medications? A) They can cause physiological dependence. B) There is a high relapse rate when the drugs are discontinued. C) They can cause psychological dependence. D) All of the above. 40. The three broad classes of psychopathology distinguished by psychodynamic theorists are: A) anxiety disorders, personality disorders, somatoform disorders B) organic disorders, developmental disorders, experiential disorders C) cognitive dysfunctions, behavioral abnormalities, interpersonal maladies D) personality disorders, neuroses, psychoses Final Exam 11 PSY/300